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During these blows the average drop of the hammer was 24 feet. How much is the safe load? It is required (if possible) to drive concrete piles with a 3,000-pound hammer until the indicated resistance is 70,000 pounds. What should be the average penetration during the last five blows when the fall is 25 feet? 200. The last problem suggests a possible impracticability, for it may readily happen that when the pile has been driven to its full length its indicated resistance is still far less than that desired. In some cases, such concrete piles would merely be left as they are, and additional concrete piles would be driven beside them, in the endeavor to obtain as much total resistance over the whole foundation as is desired. The above concrete mix applies only to the drop-hammer method of driving concrete piles, in which a weight of 2,500 to 3,000 pounds is raised and dropped on the pile. When the steam pile-driver is used, the blows are very rapid, about 55 to 65 per minute. On account of this rapidity the soil does not have time to settle between the successive blows, and the penetration of the pile is much more rapid, while of course the resistance after the driving is finished is just as great as is secured by any other method. On this account, the above concrete mix is modified so that the arbitrary quantity added to s is changed from one to 0.1, and the concrete mix becomes: There are three general methods of driving concrete piles—namely, by using (1) a falling weight; (2) the erosive action of a water-jet; or (3) the force of an explosive. The third method is not often employed, and will not be further discussed. In constructing foundations for small highway bridges, well-augers have been used to bore holes, in which concrete piles are set and the earth rammed around them. This method of driving concrete piles consists in raising a hammer made of cast iron, and weighing from 2,500 to 3,000 pounds, to a height of 10 to 30 feet, and then allowing it to fail freely on the head of the pile. The weight is hoisted by means of a hoisting engine, or sometimes by horses. When an engine is used for the hoisting, the winding drum is sometimes merely released, and the weight in falling drags the rope and turns the hoisting drum as it falls. This reduces the effectiveness of the blow, and lowers the value of s in the concrete mix given, as already mentioned. To guide the hammer in falling, a frame, consisting of two uprights called leaders, about 2 feet apart, is erected. The uprights are usually wooden concrete beams, and are from 10 to 60 feet long. Such a simple method of pile-driving, however, has the disadvantage, not only that the blows are infrequent (not more than 20 or even 10 per minute), but also that the effectiveness of the blows is reduced on account of the settling of the earth around the concrete piles between the successive blows. On this account, a concrete forms of pile-driver known as the steam pile-driver is much more effective and economical, even though the initial cost is considerably greater. The steam pile-driver is essentially a hammer which is attached directly to a piston in a steam cylinder. The hammer weighs about 4,000 pounds, is raised by steam to the full height of the cylinder, which is about 40 inches, and is then allowed to fall freely. Although the height of fall is far less than that of the ordinary pile-driver, the weight of the hammer is about double, and the blows are very rapid (about 50 to 65 per minute). As before stated, on account of this rapidity, the soil does not have time to settle between blows, and the penetration of the pile is much more rapid, while, of course, the ultimate resistance after the driving is finished, is just as great as that secured by any other method. When concrete piles are driven in a situation where a sufficient supply of water is available, their resistance during driving may be very materially reduced by attaching a pipe to the side of the pile and forcing water through the pipe by means of a pump.

Are You in Exeter New Hampshire? Do You Need Concrete Cutting?

We Are Your Local Concrete Cutter

Call 603-622-4441

We Service Exeter NH and all surrounding Cities & Towns