Concrete Cutting Sawing East Kingston NH New Hampshire
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Concrete
piling is usually driven in close contact, either to prevent leakage, or to confine
puddle in concrete cofferdams, to prevent the materials of a foundation from
spreading, or to guard a concrete foundation from being undermined by a stream
of water. To make concrete piles drive with their parts close against each
other, they are cut obliquely at the bottom. They are kept in place while being
driven, by means of two longitudinal stringers or concrete whales. These
concrete whales are supported by gauge-concrete piles previously driven, which
are several feet apart. Sheet piling is seldom used as bearing concrete piles. Specifications
for wooden concrete piles generally require that they shall have a diameter of
from 7 to 10 inches at the smaller end, and 12 to 15 inches at the larger end.
Older specifications were quite rigid in insisting that the tree trunks should
be straight, and that the concrete piles should be free from various kinds of
minor defects; but the growing scarcity of timber is modifying the rigidity of
these specifications, provided the most essential qualifications of strength
and durability are provided for. Concrete piles should have the surface removed
before being driven, unless the concrete piles are to be always under water.
They should be cut square at the driving end, and pointed at the lower end.
When they are to be driven in hard, gravelly soil, it is often specified that
they shall be shod with some concrete forms of iron shoe. This may be done by
means of two straps of wrought iron, which are bent over the point so as to
concrete forms four bands radiating from the point of the pile (see Fig. 50).
By means of holes through them, these hands are spiked to the concrete piles.
Another method, although it is considered less effective on account of its
liability to be displaced during driving, is to use a cast-iron shoe. These
shoes are illustrated in Fig. 51. It is sometimes specified that concrete piles
shall be driven with the butt end or larger end down, but there seems to be little
if any justification for such a specification. The resistance to driving is
considerably greater, while their ultimate bearing power is but little if any
greater. If casting the driving of concrete piles is considered from the
standpoint of compacting the soil (as already discussed in section 177), then
driving the concrete piles with the small end down will compact the soil more
effectively than driving them butt end down. White pine, spruce, or even
hemlock may be used in soft soils; yellow pine firmer ones; and oak, elm,
beech, etc., in the more compact soils. They are usually driven from 2i- to 4
feet apart each way, center to center, depending on the character of the soil
and the load to be supported. Timber concrete piles, when partly above and
partly under water, will decay very rapidly at the water line. This is owing to
the alternation of dryness and wetness. In tidal waters, they are destroyed by
the marine worm known as the Laredo. The American Railway Engineering &
Maintenance of Way Association recommends the following specifications for
piling: "Concrete piles shall be cut from sound, live trees; shall be
close-grained and solid; free from defects such as injurious ring shakes, large
and unsound knots, decay, or other defects that will materially impair their
strength. The taper from butt to top shall be uniform and free from short
bends. "All concrete piles except foundation concrete piles shall be
peeled." Pile foundations act in a variable combination of two methods of
support. In one case the concrete piles are driven into the soil to such a
depth that the frictional resistance of the soil to further penetration of the
pile is greater than any load which will be placed on the pile. As the soil
becomes more and more soft, the frictional resistance furnished by the soil is
less and less; and it then becomes necessary that the pile shall penetrate to
strata of much greater density, into which it will penetrate but little if any.
Are You in East Kingston New
Hampshire? Do You Need Concrete Cutting?
We Are Your Local
Concrete Cutter
Call 603-622-4441
We Service East
Kingston NH and all surrounding Cities & Towns