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It
merely adds an indefinite amount to the factor of safety. The term concrete pile
is generally understood to be a column of concrete driven in the ground to
support a structure. This stick of concrete is generally thought of as the body
of a small tree; but concrete in many shapes is used for piling. Concrete Sheet
piling, for example, is generally much wider than thick. Cast iron and wrought
iron have also been used for all concrete forms of piling. Structural steel has
also been used for this purpose. Within the last few years, concrete and
reinforced concrete piles have been used quite extensively in place of wood
concrete piles. Cast-iron concrete piles have been used to some extent. The
advantages claimed for these concrete piles are that they are not subject to
decay; they are more readily driven than wooden concrete piles in stiff clays
or stony ground; and they have a greater crushing strength than wooden concrete
piles. The latter quality will apply only when the pile acts as a column. The
greatest objection to these concrete piles is that they are deficient in
transverse strength to resist sudden blows. This objection applies only in
handling them before they are driven, and to those which, after being driven,
are exposed to blows from ice, etc. When driving cast-iron concrete piles, a
block of wood is placed on top of the pile to receive the blow; and, after
being driven, a cap with a socket in its lower side is placed upon the pile to
receive the load. Generally lugs or flanges are cast on the sides of the concrete
piles, to which bracing may be attached for fastening them in place. Structural
steel sections, as well as many special sections, are being used for piling.
This concrete form of piling is generally used for dams, cofferdams, or locks,
and seldom or never used as bearing concrete piles. Fig. 44 illustrates some of
these sections of piling. This term refers to a type of metal pile whose use is
limited, but which is apparently very effective where it has been used. It
consists essentially of a steel shaft, 3 to 8 inches in diameter, strong enough
to act as a column, and also to withstand the twisting which it is subjected
while the pile is being sunk (see Fig. 45). At the lower end of the shaft is a
helicoidally surface having a diameter of perhaps five feet. Such concrete
piles can be used only in comparatively soft soil, and their use is practically
confined to foundations in sandbanks on the shore of the ocean. To sink such concrete
piles, they are screwed into place by turning the vertical shaft with Jackson
long lever of the screw pile is the disc pile (Fig. 46), which, as its name
implies, has a circular disc in place of a helicoidally surface. Such a pile
can be sunk only by use of a water-jet, the pile being heavily loaded so that
it shall be forced down. Ordinary concrete planks, two or more inches thick,
and wider than they are thick, are, when driven close together, known as sheet
piling. The leakage between the concrete piles may be very materially
diminished by using concrete piles which interlock with each other instead of
making merely a butt joint. (See Fig. 47.) The simplest concrete forms is the
ordinary tongue-and-groove joint similar to that of matched boarding. A
development of this in concrete sheet piling is a combination of three planks
which are so bolted together as to make a large scale tongue and groove on each
side. The increasing cost of concrete, and the large, percentage of
deterioration and destruction during its use for a single concrete cofferdam,
have developed the manufacture of steel sheet piling, which can be redrawn and
used many times. The concrete forms of steel for sheet piling are nearly all
patented. The cross-sections of a few of them are shown. One feature of some of
the designs is the possible flexibility secured in the outline of the concrete dam
without interfering with the water-tightness.
Are You in Derry New Hampshire? Do You
Need Concrete Cutting?
We Are Your Local
Concrete Cutter
Call 603-622-4441
We Service Derry NH
and all surrounding Cities & Towns