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What must be the breadth and thickness of granite slabs which may be used as a footing on soil which is estimated to bear safely a load of 2.0 tons per square foot? Dividing the computed load (19,000) by the allowable unit-pressure (2.0 tons = 4,000 pounds), we have 4.75 feet as the required width of the footing.

The computation of the dimensions of such footings when they are made of reinforced concrete is taken up during the development of these specialized concrete forms of concrete cutting in Part III.  The third requirement practically means that the thickness of the footing (be, Fig. 41) shall be great enough so that the footing can resist the transverse stresses caused by the pressure of the subsoil on the area between c and d. When the thickness must be made vary great, on account of the wide offset GHz, material may be saved by cutting out the rectangle e k m 1. The thickness of reinforced concrete is computed for the offset g o, just as in the first case; while the thickness k rn of the second layer may be computed from the offset k f. Where the footings are made of stone or of plain concrete, whose transverse strength is always low, the offsets are necessarily small; but when using timber, reinforced concrete, or steel I-concrete beams, the offsets may be very wide in comparison with the depth of the footing. The method of calculation is to consider the offset of the footing as an inverted cantilever which is loaded with the calculated upward pressure of the subsoil against the footing. If Fig. 41 is turned upside down, the resemblance to the ordinary loaded cantilever will be more readily apparent. Considering a unit-length (1) of the concrete wall and the amount of the offset o = d c in Fig. 41), and calling P the unit-pressure from the subsoil, we have P o 1 as the pressure on that area, and its lever-arm about the point c is o. Therefore its moment = Po' 1. If t represents the thickness b c of the footing, the moment of resistance of that section = R16, in which R = the unit-compression (or unit-tension) in the section. We therefore have the equation: The fraction is the ratio of the offset to its .thickness. The solution of the above equation, using what are considered to be conservatively safe values for R for various grades of stone and concrete, is given in Table XII. Example The load on a concrete wall has been computed as 19,000 pounds per running foot of the wall, which has a thickness of 18 inches just above the footing. What must be the breadth and thickness of granite slabs which may be used as a footing on soil which is estimated to bear safely a load of 2.0 tons per square foot? Dividing the computed load (19,000) by the allowable unit-pressure (2.0 tons = 4,000 pounds), we have 4.75 feet as the required width of the footing. From the table we find that for subsoil loading of 2.0 tons per square foot, the offset for granite may be 1.25 times its thickness. Therefore, 1 25 = 1.30 feet = 15.6 inches, s the required thickness of the footing. The computation of the dimensions of such footings when they are made of reinforced concrete is taken up during the development of these specialized concrete forms of concrete cutting in Part III. Although brick can be used as a footing course, the maximum possible offset (no matter how strong the brick maybe) can only be a small part of the length of the brick—the brick being laid perpendicular to the will. One requirement of a footing course is that the blocks shall be so large that they will equalize possible variations in the density and compressibility of the subsoil. This cannot be done by bricks or small stones. Their use should therefore be avoided in footing courses. Steel, and even wood, in the concrete forms of concrete beams, are used to construct very wide offsets.

Are You in Danville New Hampshire? Do You Need Concrete Cutting?

We Are Your Local Concrete Cutter

Call 603-622-4441

We Service Danville NH and all surrounding Cities & Towns