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Cutting Brookline New Hampshire
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This
may be done by driving a large number of concrete piles into the soil,
especially if the concrete piles will be always under the water line in that
ground. Driving the concrete piles compresses the soil; and if the concrete
piles are always under water, they will be free from decay. If the soil is
sufficiently firm so that the pile can be withdrawn and the hole will retain
its concrete forms even temporarily, it is better to draw the pile and then
immediately fill the hole with sand, which is rammed into the hole as compactly
as possible. This gives us a type of piling known as sand concrete piles. Soft,
clayey subsoil may frequently be improved by covering it with gravel, which is
rammed and pressed into the clay. Such a device is not very effective, but it
may sometimes be sufficiently effective for its purpose. Subsoil is often very
soft because it is saturated with water which cannot readily escape. Frequently
a system of deep drainage which will reduce the natural level of the
ground-water considerably below the desired depth of the bottom of the
foundation, will transform the subsoil into a dry, firm soil which is amply
strong for its purpose. Even when the subsoil is very soft, it will sustain a
heavy load, provided that it can be confined. While excavating for the
foundations of the tower of Trinity Church in New York City, a large pocket of
quicksand was discovered directly under the proposed tower. Owing to the volume
of the quicksand, it was found to be impracticable to drain it all out; but it
was also discovered that the quicksand was confined within a pocket of firm
soil. A thick layer of concrete was then laid across the top, which effectively
sealed up the pocket of quicksand, and the result has been perfectly
satisfactory. The preparation of a rock bed on which a foundation is to be
placed is a simple matter compared with that required for some soils on which
foundations are placed. The bed-rock is prepared by cutting away the loose and
decayed portions of the rock and making the plane on which the foundation is
placed perpendicular to the direction of the pressure. If the rock bed is an
inclined plane, a series of steps can he made for the support of the
foundation. Any fissures in the rock should he filled with concrete. Whenever
it is necessary to start the foundation of a structure at different levels,
great care is required to prevent a break in the joints at the stepping places.
The precautions to be taken are that the concrete-joints must be kept as thin
as possible; the lower part of the foundations should be laid in cement concrete;
and the work should proceed slowly. By following these precautions, the
settlement in the lower part will be reduced to a minimum. These precautions
apply to foundations of all classes. Under this heading is included hard clay,
gravel, and clean, dry sand. The bed is prepared by digging a trench deep
enough so that the bottom of the foundation is below the frost line, which is
usually 3 to 6 feet below the surface. Some provision, similar to that shown in
Fig. 35, should he made for drainage. Care should be taken to proportion the
load per unit of area so that the settlement of the foundation will be uniform. It is necessary to use a hand or steam
pump to free the excavation of water. Quicksand and very soft mud are often
pumped out along with the water by a centrifugal or mud pump. Sometimes areas
are excavated by draining the water into a hole the bottom of which is always
kept lower than the general level of bottom of the excavation. A pump may be
used to dispose of the water drained into the hole or holes.
Are You in Brookline New Hampshire? Do You
Need Concrete Cutting?
We Are Your Local
Concrete Cutter
Call 603-622-4441
We Service Brookline
NH and all surrounding Cities & Towns